Glossary of key jazz terms (Pre production)

What are the key aspects of the theory of improvisation and how is this applied practically?

The Glossary of key jazz terms is work in progress. The aim of this is to have a full appreciation of what is required for effective improvisation. This will provide a framework to devise learning methods. This is being compiled using self-development learning methods(A classical approach to jazz piano improvisation”)(Alldis, 2008), (‘Jazz piano- Improvisations concepts’) and by looking at interviews by professional jazz pianists.

Glossary
Accentuation - Emphasizing certain notes in order to enhance the rhythmic vigour of a line. When deployed it is common for accents to be placed on off beats. This is a very common feature of the jazz genre. (For example see Alldis P154 2003)
Alteration – A chord which has at least one tone raised or lowered by a semitone from its normal place within the chord. A common alteration is to flatten the 9th. For example in G7b9, the 9th has descended chromatically from A natural to A flat. By altering chords the player can add more colour when soloing. (For example see Baerman p8 1998)
Articulation – How individual notes are to be played. Symbols can be used in music to specify articulation. A key point concerning articulation within a jazz setting is that the improvised line played with the right hand is heard above the accompaniment that the left hand plays. (For example see Alldis p155 2003)
Contour- Refers to the shape of the melody line, determined by its pitch. The contour of a solo must be considered carefully in order for the improviser to produce a convincing solo. If the improviser uses too narrow a register throughout the entirety of a solo then this may become boring. If the improviser makes use of the full register available then this can aid the development of the solo. For example, on starting the solo, the improviser may play in the lower register and then move up the register as the solo continues to enhance momentum. (For example see Alldis p155 2003)